Visual and Special Effects Film Milestones

Milestones in Film History:
Greatest Visual and Special Effects and Computer-Generated Imagery (CGI)

Part 5

Film Title and Description of Visual-Special Effects	Example
Flowers and Trees (1932) The first commercially-released animation in full three-color (or three-strip) Technicolor was the 29th of Disney's short Silly Symphonies: Flowers and Trees with anthropomorphic characters - it produced Disney's first Academy Award (in the Best Short Subjects: Cartoons category), the first of Walt's 32 personal Academy Awards.
*Love Me Tonight (1932)* Rouben Mamoulian's inventive romantic comedy/musical starring Jeanette MacDonald and Maurice Chevalier was credited as having the first use of the zoom lens (a zoom, without a dolly shot - toward and into an apartment window) and asynchronous sound, as well as an abundance of tracking shots, slow motion and fast motion (and even split-screen).	Start-End of Zoom Shot Split-screen
*Deluge (1933)* This RKO film was the first end-of-the-world, big-budget disaster/science-fiction film in the sound era, featuring revolutionary visual effects to depict an earthquake and simulate turbulent tidal waves hitting New York City, due to an eclipse of the sun. A vast model of the city was built on a huge platform 100 feet square, with buildings up to 12 feet tall made of thin plaster molds. Various portions of the platform were rigged on moveable rollers to simulate the movement of an earthquake. The vast tidal wave, the film's highlight, was simulated by dumping large amounts of water from tanks onto the 'miniature' city. The only surviving print (found in the 1990s) had been dubbed into Italian, so therefore, the US video release has English subtitles.
*The Invisible Man (1933)* This film showcased early attempts at visual/special effects by double-exposing and overlaying elements together, using both live physical effects and traveling-matte photography. In the film's final scene, the invisible man Jack Griffin (Claude Rains) died - and as he expired, his face was slowly revealed and became visible by stages - first the skull, then flesh, and then his full face. It was a startling effect for audiences. Other special effects included dancing clothes, a bicycle without a rider, footprints appearing in the snow.
King Kong (1933) King Kong showcased Willis O'Brien's masterful, detailed stop-action animation and special effects of monster ape Kong and the prehistoric dinosaurs. He synthesized matte paintings, miniatures (usually an 18-inch tall Kong), rear projection, and stop-motion animation. FX scenes included the fight-to-the-death scene of Kong with a Tyrannosaurus Rex and with a pterodactyl, and the finale - Kong's own death atop New York's Empire State Building. Because Kong's fur was pushed down every time animators handled him for the stop-motion photography, his skin appeared to ripple as a result. (Earlier in 1925, Willis O'Brien pioneered complex stop motion animation of animals for the silent creature film The Lost World (1925), and used composites to insert the puppet-dinosaurs into scenes with live actors.)
*Things to Come (1936)* Here was a classic and prophetic science-fiction film that time-traveled to 2036 A.D. in the film's final section - a time of space exploration when a "Big Gun" was built and poised to rocket two explorers around the moon. Although the special effects were primitive, they were dazzling for the time.
*The Old Mill (1937)* Walt Disney's Silly Symphonies short animated film, The Old Mill, was the first cartoon to be produced with the multi-plane camera, which gave an increased sense of movement and depth. It won the Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film in 1938.
*Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937)* This film was Disney's remarkable, groundbreaking, 83-minute masterpiece - the first full-length, hand-drawn animation. The film won an honorary Academy Award for Walt Disney "as a significant screen innovation which has charmed millions and pioneered a great new entertainment field." (See animated films for the history of animation movies.)
*The Hunchback of Notre Dame (1939)* Matte artist Chesley Bonestell created the extraordinary matte paintings used in this film to recreate Notre Dame Cathedral and medieval Paris.
*The Rains Came (1939)* 1939 marked the first year of the Best Achievement in Special Effects Academy Award, won by this film - a blockbuster adventure-disaster tale defeating six other nominees, including Gone with the Wind (1939), Only Angels Have Wings (1939) and The Wizard of Oz (1939). With great special effects, featuring rainstorms (monsoons), and a violent earthquake in Ranchipur that burst a huge dam and sent a wall of water through the center of the city, causing a major flood and the collapse of a temple. The footage was engineered by special effects technician Fred Sersen, along with photographic work by E.H. Hansen.
The Wizard of Oz (1939) Although it's an impressive sight - the 'twister' threatening Dorothy's (Judy Garland) Kansas farmhouse - it was literally a huge silk stocking twisted (funnel-shaped) and coiling by a blowing fan - when seen at a middle distance. However, shots of the tornado at a far distance used actual tornado footage. When shown in closeup, it was a gigantic burlap bag that emitted a cloud of dust.