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A Scanner Darkly (2006)
In director/scriptwriter Richard
Linklater's visually-incredible black comedy and mind-bending fantasy-sci-fi thriller - adapted from Philip K. Dick's 1977 science-fiction
novel; it was a challenging treatise about drug abuse and the war
against it in a future dystopic world; the totalitarian society used
high-tech surveillance to battle against rampant drug use-addiction
and a "Substance
D epidemic" (caused by a powerful new drug known
as Substance D).
The R-rated film's title was partially derived from
the Biblical passage in I Corinthians 13:12: "For now we see
through a glass, darkly, but then face to face." The title also
referred to the film's use of a scanner surveillance device, employed
to uncover problems in the "culture of addiction," and
to prompt government agents to spy on citizens and personal friends.
Its tagline was: "EVERYTHING IS NOT GOING TO BE OK." The
plot was based upon author Dick's own harrowing drug experiences
- and possibly reflected only the burned-out, dissociative mind of
a dope fiend imagining that he was a narcotics agent.
The film's cautionary plotline told about a semi-distant,
totalitarian future where 'Big Brother'-styled surveillance
ruled, and a brain-deadening super-drug called Substance D (meaning
"slow death") had caused many users to become intensely addicted,
hallucinatory and paranoid with split personalities; it was estimated
that nearly 20 percent of the population could be classified as addicts.
The government had instituted high-tech surveillance on the addicted
population and the drug producing and distributing underworld, and
hired a number of informants and undercover agents to deal with the
invasive problem. Linklater's adapted screenplay of Dick's novel presented
a caustic and confusing vision of an unstable world, with blurring
identities, characters with multiple names, and shifting and distorted
realities due to the rampant use of mind-altering substances.
On a budget of $8.7 million, the film's revenue grosses
were $5.5 million (domestic) and $7.6 million (worldwide). The
remarkable aspect of the animated, low-budget film was that it was
shot in 23 days, but required 18 months of computer-rotoscoping
(the live-action footage was converted frame-by-frame with a program
known as Rotoshop to turn it into animation); the style was similar
to Linklater's technique in his earlier feature film Waking
Life (2001). [Note: It was unusual for its graphic depictions
of sex and nudity, first a fantasy view of a coffee-shop waitress
(Natasha Valdez) seen topless, and another scene of frenzied sexual activity.]:
- during the title credits ("Seven Years From
Now" in the future year of 2013), a housemate named Charles
Freck (Rory Cochrane) was introduced
in a tract home on a cul-de-sac in Anaheim, CA; he was a deranged,
heavy drug user and suicidal addict shown vigorously scratching
his head, believing that hundreds of aphids had attacked his scalp
and entire body; he showered and sprayed himself with bug killer
to rid himself of the make-believe crawling creatures, and collected
the insects in containers
- the house on Mirecrust Street
in Anaheim, CA belonged to 38 year old "Bob
Arctor" (Keanu Reeves), employed at Handy Brake and Tire;
his lazy, loser roommates included two other heavy drug-users:
intelligent and college-educated but evil, menacing and sinister
Jim Barris (Robert Downey, Jr), and drug-addled, blonde-bearded
Ernie Luckman (Woody Harrelson)
At the Brown Bear Lodge in Orange County, CA
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Bob Arctor (Keanu Reeves) Acting as Drug Agent 'Fred" -
Wearing a Scramble Suit to Blur and Obscure His Identity
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Robert Arctor's True Persona Seen Inside His Scramble
Suit
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[Note: Arctor's name was derived from "Ursus
arctos" - the scientific name for the brown bear, and from
the star, Arcturus (in the "Bear Keeper" constellation
of Bootes).]
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- in the opening scene, the schizophrenic Arctor was
acting as one of his two separate personalities - as an undercover
narcotics cop - code-named Agent 'Fred' (also Keanu Reeves); Arctor
was wearing an identity-blurring, shape-shifting 'scramble suit'
to protect his true identity and privacy, and to present himself
as Agent 'Fred'; every nanosecond, a different avatar image flashed
on his body; he was introduced before delivering an afternoon lecture
to the "Gentlemen of the Anaheim 709th chapter of the Brown Bear Lodge" in Orange
County, CA; the organization (symbolized by a brown bear pictured
on the California State flag) was backed by the New Path Recovery
Center, one company fully dedicated to solving the nation's drug crisis
- during his talk, Agent 'Fred'
described his main job of "tracking
down dealers and the source of their illegal drugs"; he told
how the super-drug known as Substance D was derived from a "small,
highly toxic flower"; he claimed that
the D stood for dumbness, despair, desertion, and death; at
the end of his speech, it became clear that Arctor - who
was posing as an undercover crime fighting agent, had become seriously
affected by his own addiction to the deadly Substance D; the drugs'
effects on his mind were the reason he had created his split personality
between Agent 'Fred' and Bob Arctor
- Arctor had fallen in love
with his cocaine-addicted, drug-dealing girlfriend Donna Hawthorne
(Winona Ryder) who was selling him Substance D; from police
headquarters through tilted information scanner screens, Arctor's
phone call with Donna to purchase more drugs was tracked by the
police through scanners and facial recognition, but the police
(knowing his alter-identity as an agent) declined to arrest him
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Police Tracking Robert Arctor Purchasing Drugs
by Phone From Donna Hawthorne [Trivia: Anaheim was spelled wrong,
and its Zip Code 98345 was inaccurate]
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- in a coffee-shop, drug-addicted Freck and his housemate
Jim Barris were discussing random issues; Freck feared turning
himself in to the New Path clinic-center for rehab, while
Barris was pessimistic about the world: "This is a world getting
progressively worse. Can we not agree on that?"; to illustrate
Freck's distracted and confused mind, when asking about dessert
choices from waitress Betty (Natasha Valdez), he imagined her
stripping off her uniform and revealing her breasts to him; he
worried that he might have to abruptly end his addictive use of
Substance D: "I heard you have to go cold turkey"; Barris
worried that Freck had already become seriously psychotic: "These
visions of bugs, they're just garden-variety psychosis, but a clear
indication that you've hurdled over the initial fun and euphoric
phase and passed on to the next phase"
Coffee-Shop Sequence: Freck with House-mate Jim
Barris
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Housemate Jim Barris (Robert Downey, Jr)
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Charles Freck - a Heavy Drug-Using Addict
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Freck's Fantasy Delusion of Waitress
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- after a quick stop in a convenience store (seen
on sped-up fast-forward video footage), Barris and Freck returned
to their residence on Mirecrust Street; in his home drug lab, Barris
was attempting to synthesize a stronger and purer version of cocaine
through repeated filtering and experimentation
- following his lecture at the Lodge, agent 'Fred'
drove to his Orange County precinct office, to report
his findings from the underworld to his senior officer-boss 'Hank'
- both were wearing 'scramble suits' to maintain their anonymity;
Fred agreed that New Path would be a "a good place for a dealer
to hide" because the facility was not allowed to use scanners
- agent Fred explained how he had been called
upon to spy on Donna and learn the identity of her bigger drug
supplier: ("Matter of time before she's hooking me up with the
next person up the ladder"); as a drug agent,
he had also been called upon to reluctantly spy on his drug-using
housemate-friends including Barris, Freck, and Luckman, who were
also suffering from delusional paranoia with homicidal tendencies
- and then to his surprise, Agent 'Fred' was also
officially ordered by 'Hank' to investigate Arctor - Himself! ("I'm
officially assigning you to observe Arctor"); a recent tip
from an informant had brought suspicion to Arctor; Arctor's house
in Anaheim would be equipped with a newly-installed 24/7 holographic
scanning system (consisting of surveillance cameras to record tapes
of illicit activity)
- due to his lecture performance, Agent 'Fred' was
questioned by two medical deputies (Chamblee Ferguson and Angela
Rawna) in the police precinct, who tested whether he might be slowly
losing his own identity, burning out, becoming paranoid, having
cognitive brain issues or bilateral dysfunction (known as "cross-chatter'),
and acting psychotic and crazy; he was considered to have a "functional
impairment" and needed to "dry out" at New Path
before returning to work
- back in Hank's office, Agent "'Fred' was
told that Arctor's druggie pal and housemate Jim Barris was the
one who was ratting him out with "evidence that Mr. Arctor
is part of a covert terrorist drug organization" and was colluding
with his girlfriend Donna Hawthorne; Barris reported his suspicions
to both 'Hank' and 'Fred,' totally unaware that 'Fred' in the
room was his disguised roommate Arctor; Barris stated: "Mr.
Arctor is an addict. He is addicted to Substance D. And I fear
that his mind has become deranged over time and he is now officially
to be considered dangerous"; however, Barris had no evidence
to back up his allegations; Barris then backpedaled, stating that
Arctor only had a "soul sickness.
His brain is damaged from the use of this toxic and most terrible
substance"; and then he divulged his real reason to be in
the office - he was angling to seek employment; in comparison, Barris
appeared more demented than Arctor
- back in the house, Arctor worried about his own
mental state and asked himself: "What happened? How'd I get
here?" - he envisioned himself in the past as a family man,
living in a stuck routine in a typical suburban Southern California
house with a wife (Melody Chase) and two young daughters (Eliza
Stevens and Sarah Menchaca), but they had long since abandoned
him; he was despairing of his entire life: "I hated my life, my
house, my family...my backyard, my power mower. Nothing would ever
change. Nothing new could ever be expected. It had to end, and
it did. Now in the dark world where I dwell, ugly things and surprising
things and sometimes little wondrous things spill out at me constantly
and I can count on nothing"
Arctor Truly Worried About His Own Addicted, and Confused Split Mental State
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Envisioning Himself With a Wife and Two Children
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Arctor As a Family Man
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- during a road-trip to San Diego with Barris and
Luckman, Arctor's gas pedal stuck and they accelerated down
the freeway before bringing the car to a halt; the threesome began
to suspect that Substance D was screwing up their lives, although
Barris deflected blame about the car tampering: "Substance
D cannot screw up an accelerator, or a carb-idle adjustment";
as the car was being towed, the paranoia-stricken Luckman came
up with a conspiracy theory: "This proves you got somebody
out to get you real bad, Bob"; once back home during a sequence
of hilarious stoner dialogue about Barris' stolen bicycle, the
twitchy and ultra-paranoid Barris also wildly speculated that in
their absence, drugs had been planted to set them up and the house
was bugged, and went so far as to suggest that Arctor now had to
sell the house; his claim that there were signs of an intrusion
were proven false, when Arctor's girlfriend Donna emerged from
the back bedroom; all of their crazed delusions about what might
have transpired in their absence were in question and Arctor admitted
to Donna: "Yeah,
we're all dreaming"
- in the police precinct, Hank described to Agent
'Fred' how the "holo" scanning system covertly installed in Arctor's
house was transmitting back information from its surveillance
cameras - implicitly to find evidence of illicit drug activity;
Agent 'Fred' was to monitor his own house and report on himself:
('Hank': "Arctor is hiding a great deal...The guy is a phony. So
keep on him until he drops until we have enough to arrest him and
make it stick"); 'Fred' admitted: "I'd say Arctor is doomed if
he's up to something. And I have a hunch, from what you're saying, that he is"
- due to his addled brain, Freck was becoming more
and more disturbed, crazed, and paranoid, although he projected
his condition onto his roommates as he drove off: "See, you guys
are f--ked up"
- in his living room that evening, Arctor was experiencing
hallucinatory visions of Barris and Luckman as full-sized cockroaches
on the couch; the theme of falsely posing as an imposter or changing
identities was casually mentioned by Luckman, who referenced Leonardo
DiCaprio's movie Catch Me If You Can (2002); their conversation
about 'narc' imposters was actually a 'live feed' that was being
viewed by Agent 'Fred' in the police station; during the viewing,
'Fred' ingested three red pills of Substance D, and watched as
the insensitive Barris idly sat by and passively watched Luckman's
clear distress of choking to death while eating a TV dinner
- a voice-over (Leif Anders) described Freck's failed
suicide: "Charles Freck, becoming progressively more and more
depressed by what was happening around him, decided finally to
off himself...Instead of quietly suffocating, Charles Freck began
to hallucinate";
his suicide attempt failed when he ingested downer hallucinogens
with a glass of expensive Azalea Springs Merlot wine instead of
poison; a strange Creature (Turk Pipkin) appeared by his bed to
read to him for eternity a massive scrolling list of "The
Sins of Freck"
- Arctor's girlfriend Donna picked him up after his
shift at the police precinct, and was assured that he had the
money for the drugs he wanted; she felt his close association with
the distrustful Barris was making him crazy: "And when you're around
him, you start acting crazy"; she drove to her place for a drug
exchange and he "dropped" some Death pills (Substance D), plus
they had some Tequila; but then she coldly refused
his overtures for sex and physical contact with him, claiming her
rejection was due to her own excessive coke use; Donna asserted: "Look,
I do a lot of coke. OK. And I just have to be really careful because
I do a lot of coke, so just leave my body alone. OK?...I just don't
like it when people grope my body and I have to watch out for that
because I snort so much coke"; he was upset with her: "That's
f--king lame. I gotta go"; outside, she apologized for hurting his
feelings; when he asked how much coke she was doing, she replied: "Not
that much," but then confessed she had a "habit" but was "happy" nonetheless
Arctor With His Girlfriend Donna
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Donna Rejected Arctor's Romantic Advances: "Leave
my body alone, OK?"
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Donna Apologizing For Hurting His Feelings
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- instead, Arctor pursued sex with a young "Substance
D prostitute" or blonde junkie named Connie (Lisa Marie Newmyer)
after being rejected by Donna; before sex, he shared three red pills
with her and took a handful of pills himself; as
he rolled over in bed after having sex with Connie, he momentarily
freaked out when he imagined not Connie, but dark-haired Donna next
to him - and he began to question his sanity
Arctor After Sex with Blonde Junkie Prostitute Connie
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Arctor Freaked Out Momentarily - Donna Was in Bed
With Him
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Dark-Haired Donna Reverted Back Into Blonde-Haired
Connie
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Fast-Forwarding of Scanned Surveillance Footage
of Arctor's Sexual Encounter with Connie
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- at work in front of his surveillance monitor, Agent
'Fred' was phoned and asked to submit to more evaluations and tests
of his mental condition in Room 203; he was specifically asked
about confusion, difficulty identifying persons or objects, and
language disorientation; before leaving his desk, 'Fred' scanned
fast-forwarded footage of Arctor's sexual encounter with Connie
on his six surveillance screens that showed him (in the top three
screens) having sex in multiple positions with Connie in fast-motion;
fascinated, he was able to grab some of the footage,
enlarge it, and create a short looped movie of Connie
morphing into Donna and then back to Connie
- Agent 'Fred' was again tested in Room 203 by two
male medical officers (Wilbur Penn and Ken Webster); a further
test of his brain hemispheres was administered using object recognition
through touch while he was blindfolded; he was questioned to see
if he could distinguish whether the object placed in his left hand
was identical or not to the object in his right hand; the technicians
also asked for an updated blood test; one technician asked if he
was more depressed than before
- as Arctor entered his home, he thought about how
his "rundown, rubble-filled house with its weed-patch yard" was
a waste of a "truly good house" that could be put to better use
with a family and children; he also wondered about the spying scanners
installed in his home: "Whatever it is that's watching, it's
not human"; he delivered one of the most important monologues of
the film: "What does a scanner see? Into the head? Down into the
heart? Does it see into me, into us? Clearly or darkly? I hope
it sees clearly, because I can't any longer see into myself. I
see only murk. I hope for everyone's sake the scanners do better.
Because if the scanner sees only darkly, the way I do, then
I'm cursed and cursed again. And we'll only wind up dead this way,
knowing very little and getting that little fragment wrong too"
- back at work, Arctor was given the results of his
brain tests - his two brain hemispheres were competing or
interfering with each other, "carrying conflicting information.
It's as if you have two fuel gauges on your car. They're studying
the same amount of fuel, but one says your tank is full, the
other registers empty. They can't both be right"; the cause of
his dysfunctional brain was due to his excessive use of Substance
D; the split-brain phenomenon was known as "cross-cutting"; it
was uncertain if the damage was organically permanent, or would
heal itself over time (if he stopped taking Substance D)
- in 'Hank's' office, Agent 'Fred' listened in as
Barris accused him (Arctor) and his drug-dealing girlfriend
Donna Hawthorne as being leaders of a terrorist cell; 'Hank'
explained that Barris' notebook and voice recorder would be impounded
while the veracity of his information was checked, and he wouldn't
be released from custody in order to keep him on hand - and
as a formality, he would be charged with "knowingly
giving the authorities false information"
- once Barris was taken away, 'Hank' told 'Fred' that
Barris' evidence was "fake" and "worthless"; 'Fred's' medical results
also indicated that his brain was so damaged that he was "completely
bonkers" due to his voluntary use and abuse of Substance D: ("No
one held a gun to your head and shot you up"), and that he would
be reprimanded and disciplined - "subject to a misdemeanor charge,
a fine, and/or six months"
- it soon became apparent that it was part
of a pre-arranged plan to have Arctor become so addicted that he
would have to be committed to the New Path Recovery Center; Arctor
seemed surprised when 'Hank' revealed
to "Fred" that he had long known that he was Arctor, and that the real reason
for the narcotics police surveillance was to set up Barris and
apprehend him: ("We're really interested in Barris, not you.
The whole scanning of the house was to keep an eye on him. We hoped
to draw him here, and we did. He is deep into it with some very
dangerous people....he grew progressively more and more suspicious
that you were an undercover cop trying to nail him or use him to
get high or - so he did what you or anyone would have done"); Arctor
had been deliberately recruited to function as a narcotics agent
who would then be exposed and addicted to the Substance D drug;
without his knowledge, the government used him to set up and arrest
Barris, and as an addict, he would then be further used to gather
incriminating evidence at New Path about their Substance D farms
- the film's biggest plot twist was then unveiled
- 'Hank' phoned Donna to come to the police precinct, to pick
up Arctor in five minutes and take him to New Path; 'Hank' stepped
out of his office, entered a private room, and removed his scramble
suit to reveal that he was Donna!; on their drive to New Path,
Donna commiserated with a devastated Arctor: "You're a good man,
Bob. You've been dealt a bad deal," and promised that he would
be healed and restored: ("Some day, a long time from now, you'll
see the way you saw before"); Arctor collapsed on the lobby floor
of the center, puking and sick
- after a short while at the therapeutic, rehab and
residence facility in Santa Ana, Arctor was transferred to the New
Path farm to work outdoors with plants, reportedly for his own good;
upon his arrival, he was told that he would assume a new name - 'Bruce';
he was assigned to live in a cell marked 4-G; he was told that he wouldn't be returning to
the rehab facility to see acquaintances, but might return to visit
during gatherings at Christmas and Thanksgiving
- in a booth of a General Burger fast-food restaurant,
Donna (now code-named 'Audrey') met with her fellow undercover
agent and police officer 'Mike' (Dameon Clarke) (working inside
New Path); they discussed how the addicted 'Bruce' ("a burnt-out
husk") was their only way to infiltrate into the workings
of New Path; they could then prove their case, once 'Bruce' was
fully hooked and could produce evidence against it, that New Path
was manufacturing and distributing the addictive substance: (Mike: "It
matters when we can prove that New Path is the one growing,
manufacturing and distributing"), including
a blue flower used to manufacture Substance D; Mike
further claimed: "...there's no other way to get in there.
I couldn't, and think how long I tried. They got that place locked
up tight. They're only gonna let a burnt-out husk like Bruce in.
Harmless. You have to be, or they won't take the risk"
Donna Hawthorne/'Audrey'
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'Audrey's' Fellow Undercover Agent 'Mike' (Dameon Clarke)
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'Audrey' and 'Mike' Discussing Using 'Bruce' To
Infiltrate Into the New Path Farm
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- however, Donna/'Audrey' was worried that she had
caused her former boyfriend 'Bruce's' addiction; it was quite
a cost to pay for their undercover work to shut down New Path; she
was concerned that Bob /'Bruce' had been selected and sacrificed
- without his knowledge, to become a drug addict, and was doubtful
that 'Bruce' would ever recover from his split personality and
regain his former self: ("Yeah, but to sacrifice someone, a living
person, without them ever knowing it. I mean, if he'd understood,
if he had volunteered, but he doesn't know and he never did. He
didn't volunteer for this... It wasn't his job to get addicted"); she
assertively worried: "Look, Mike, I gotta get out. I can't do this again. I want it to end...We
are colder than they are"
- Mike espoused 'Bruce's' sacrificial mission to
Donna, to gather incriminating evidence on New Path's D-farms -
although Arctor's mission might never be fully acknowledged as
nothing more than a minor footnote: "I
believe God's M.O. is to transmute evil into good and if he's active
here, he's doing that now, although our eyes can't perceive it.
The whole process is hidden beneath the surface of our reality,
and will only be revealed later. And even then, the people of the
future, our children's children will never truly know this awful
time that we have gone through and the losses we took. Well, maybe
some footnote in a minor history book. A brief mention with no
list of the fallen"
- out at the isolated New Path farm facility as 'Bruce'
was working outdoors spraying weed killer, he knelt down and momentarily
saw blue flowers hidden and growing in-between rows
of corn in the field [Note: the flower was known as "Clerodendron
Ugandens," a real flower
native to Africa, and poisonous to livestock as well as humans.];
the well-dressed New Path Farm Manager (Jason Douglas) stood towering
above 'Bruce' and smugly mentioned how the blue plants were "the
flower of the future" - but cautioned that the plant wasn't
for 'Bruce' anymore: "But not for you, Bruce.... you've had
too much of a good thing already. Get up, get up. Stop worshipping.
This isn't your God anymore, although it once was"
- afterwards, 'Bruce' reacted by commenting to himself: "I
saw Death rising from the earth, from the ground itself in one
blue field";
he plucked one sample to take with him to give to his friends (as
evidence for the authorities? or as a gift?) - he hid it in his
boot to later give to his friends during the next holiday: "A
present for my friends at Thanksgiving"
- the film ended with a tragic epilogue from author
Philip K. Dick: "This has been a story about people who were
punished entirely too much for what they did. I loved them all.
Here is a list, to whom I dedicate my love." It listed fifteen
individuals by name (one of whom was "Phil" himself)
who were deceased or suffered brain damage, vascular damage, or
psychosis due to drug abuse; it became the "footnote" mentioned
earlier by 'Mike': "In
memoriam. These were comrades whom I had; there are no better. They
remain in my mind, and the enemy will never be forgiven. The 'enemy'
was their mistake in playing. Let them play again, in some other
way, and let them be happy"
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Charles Freck - a Heavy Drug User Suffering From Addiction
and Drug-Induced Delusions
Bob Arctor's Drug-Dealing Girlfriend Donna Hawthorne (Winona Ryder)
Agent 'Fred's' Boss-Supervisor 'Hank' (in a Scramble Suit)
Agent 'Fred' Was Assigned by 'Hank' to Investigate Arctor - Himself!
Long-Haired Bearded Blonde Housemate Ernie Luckman (Woody
Harrelson)
Robert Arctor With His Girlfriend Donna Hawthorne
Agent "Fred" Tested by Cognitive Technicians At His Job - He
Was Asked to Recognize a Coke Bottle
Agent 'Fred' Listening in 'Hank's' Office as Arctor Was Ratted Out by
a Confidential Informant - Arctor's Own Housemate Jim Barris
Housemate Charles Freck - Becoming Increasingly Insane and Disturbed
Due to Drug Use
Arctor's Delusional Hallucination That Barris Was a Human-Sized Cockroach
Agent 'Fred' Watching Himself (as Arctor) and His Two Roommates on
a Recording and Live Feed From Six Surveillance Cameras at His Scanner
Console
Freck's Failed Attempted Suicide - Causing Hallucinations and the Appearance
of a Creature (Turk Pipkin)
Junkie Prostitute Connie (Lisa Marie Newmyer)
Agent 'Fred's" Manipulation of Footage of Connie Transforming into
Donna, and Then Reverting Back to Connie
A Brain Hemisphere Medical Test Administered to Agent 'Fred'
Arctor's Monologue About What Scanners See
'Fred's' Boss 'Hank' Wearing a Scramble Suit
and Revealed to be Donna Hawthorne
Arctor Driven by Donna to the New Path Recovery Center in Santa Ana
Arctor Collapsing on the Lobby Floor of the Rehab Center - Puking
and Sick
Arctor's Transfer to the New Path Farm - and Renamed 'Bruce'
'Bruce's' New Living Quarters - Cell 4G
'Bruce' Spraying For Weeds in a New Path Corn Field
'Bruce' Noticing Blue Flowers (Substance D Source)
Hidden in the Rows of a Corn Field
New Path Farm Manager (Jason Douglas)
'Bruce' Plucking One Substance D Blue Flower From
the Corn Field - "A
Present For My Friends"
Film's Epilogue: Philip K. Dick's List of Those Who Suffered From Drug
Abuse
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